TIME CAPSULE

Work in groups of three: You are part of a committee (only three members)  entitled to preserve the most important items of the planet earth for 2025. The world is going to face a catastrophe next month and you must choose only a list of ten items for the future generation to make a start and to remember about their origins and ancestor. You have to write about these items. Say what they are, what are their functions why do you think they are important.

Present Continuous

The Present Continuous

Simple Present	Present Progressive
infinitive (3rd person singular: infinitive + 's') I speak you speak he / she / it speaks we speak they speak	form of 'be' and verb + ing   I am speaking you are speaking he / she / it is speaking we are speaking they are speaking
Exceptions
Exceptions when adding 's' : For can, may, might, must, do not add s. Example: he can, she may, it must After o, ch, sh or s, add es. Example: do - he does, wash - she washes After a consonant, the final consonant y becomes ie. (but: not after a vowel) Example: worry - he worries but: play - he plays	Exceptions when adding 'ing' : Silent e is dropped. (but: does not apply for -ee) Example: come - coming but: agree - agreeing After a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled. Example: sit - sitting After a vowel, the final consonant l is doubled in British English (but not in American English). Example: travel - travelling (British English) but: traveling (American English) Final ie becomes y. Example: lie - lying

Use

In general or right now?

Do you want to express that something happens in general or that something is happening right now?

Simple Present	Present Progressive
in general (regularly, often, never) Colin plays football every Tuesday. present actions happening one after another First Colin plays football, then he watches TV.	right now Look! Colin is playing football now. also for several actions happening at the same time Colin is playing football and Anne is watching.
Signal words
always every ... often normally usually sometimes seldom never first then	at the moment at this moment today now right now Listen! Look!
Note: The following verbs are usually only used in Simple Present: be, have, hear, know, like, love, see, smell, think, want

Timetable / Schedule or arrangement?

Do you want to express that something is arranged for the near future? Or do you refer to a time set by a timetable or schedule?

Simple Present	Present Progressive
action set by a timetable or schedule The film starts at 8 pm.	arrangement for the near future I am going to the cinema tonight.

Daily routine or just for a limited period of time?

Do you want to talk about a daily routine? Or do you want to emphasis that something is only going on for a limited (rather short) period of time?

Simple Present	Present Progressive
daily routine Bob works in a restaurant.	only for a limited period of time (does not have to happen directly at the moment of speaking) Jenny is working in a restaurant this week.

Certain Verbs

The following verbs are usually only used in Simple Present (not in the progressive form).

• state: be, cost, fit, mean, suit

·         ·  Example: We are on holiday.

·         ·  possession: belong, have

·         Example: Sam has a cat.

·         ·  senses: feel, hear, see, smell, taste, touch

·         Example: He feels the cold.

·         ·  feelings: hate, hope, like, love, prefer, regret, want, wish

·         Example: Jane loves pizza.

·         ·  brain work: believe, know, think, understand

·         Example: I believe you.

·         ·  Introductory clauses for direct speech: answer, ask, reply, say

·         Example: “I am watching TV,“ he says.

Practice

Write the verbs in Present Progressive.

1. speak - I
2. jump - you
3. bake - she
4. play - they
5. run - we

Write the verbs in Simple Present, 3rd person singular.

1. be - it
2. have - he
3. eat - she
4. can - he
5. wash - she

Use

When to use which tense?

1. For actions happening regularly, often or never, we use

2.  For actions happening now, we use

3. The verbs 'be', 'have', 'like' and 'want' are normally only used in

4. The signal word 'usually' indicates that we have to use

5.        The signal word 'now' indicates that we have to use

Positive sentences

Complete the sentences. Use Simple Present or Present Progressive.

1. Look! They (leave) the house.
2. Brian (cycle) 30 km every day.
3. Samantha (do) her homework at the moment.
4. My parents (shop) right now.
5. He usually (get up) early in the morning.

Negative sentences

Complete the sentences. Use Simple Present or Present Progressive.

1. You (see / not) her every day.
2. The baby (sleep / not) at the moment.
3. I (read / not) a book now.
4. We (go / not) to school on Sundays.
5. He (watch / not) the news every day.

Question

Complete the sentences. Use Simple Present or Present Progressive.

1. (you / go) on holiday by plane sometimes?
2. (they / play) computer games every day?
3. (she / eat) dinner at the moment?
4. What (they / do) right now?
5. (she / visit) her grandma very often?

Text

Use the (Simple Present o the Present Progressive) to complete.

1. Look! Jenny (go) to school.
2. On her back, Jenny (carry) her school bag.
3. The school bag (be) very heavy
4. Normally, Jenny (wear) black shoes, but today she (wear) red wellies.
5. And look, she (wear) a raincoat because it (rain) outside.
6. Jenny (not / want) to get wet.

 Homework

Go to this link to practice the present continuous.

http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/present-simple-present-continuous-1.html

 Use these links  to practice the present continuous:

http://www.montsemorales.com/gramatica/PresCont0.htm

http://www.agendaweb.org/exercises/verbs/present-progressive.htm

http://www.agendaweb.org/exercises/verbs/present-continuous-2.htm

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/present_progressive_auxiliaries.htm

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/present_progressive_statements_long.htm

Rules for spelling the present continuous forms:

http://cerquella.com/bilingual/deploy/Unit4/grammar_1.html

Can & Can´t

Housing Vocabulary

Housing Vocabulary

Some and Any

The words some and any are used for countable and uncountable nouns. In general, we could say that some means a few / a little and any means none in negative clauses or a few / a little in questions.

Positive Clauses

In positive clauses, we usually use some.

Example:

I have bought some bread.

I have bought some apples.

Negative Clauses

In negative clauses, we use any. Note, however, that any alone is not a negative - it must be not ... any

Example:

I have not bought any bread.

I have not bought any apples.

Questions

In questions, we usually use any.

Example:

Have you bought any bread?

Have you bought any apples?

Compound Words with some & any

Some & any can also be part of compound words such as:

• something / anything
• someone / anyone
• somewhere / anywhere

Note that some & any have to be used with a noun while compound words with some & any can stand on their own.

Example:

I have bought some bread.

I have bought something.

However, some and any need not stand directly before the noun. Sometimes, the noun appears somewhere before some or any and is not repeated. So if you are not sure whether to use some or something for example, check if there is a noun in the sentence that you can place after some.

Example:

I do not have to buy bread. Rachel has already bought some [bread].

Exceptions

Positive Clauses with Any

We usually use some in positive clauses. But after never, without, hardly, we use any.

Example:

We never go anywhere.

She did her homework without any help.

There’s hardly anyone here.

Also in if clauses, we usually use any.

Example:

If there is anything to do, just call me.

Questions with Some

We usually use any in questions. But if we expect or want the other to answer ‚yes‘, we use some.

Example:

Have you got any brothers and sisters?

→ some people have brothers or sisters, others don't - we cannot expect the answer to be ‚yes‘

Would you like some biscuits?

→ we offer something and want to encourage the other to say ‚ja‘

Practice #1

Fill in the correct word (some or any).

1. Sue went to the cinema with _____  of her friends!

2.   Jane doesn't have _____  friends.

3.   Have you got ______  brothers or sisters?

4.   Here is _____  food for the cat.

5.   I think you should put  _____  flowers on the table.

6. Could you check if there are ______  calls on the answering machine?

7.   I don't want _____  presents for my birthday.

8.   Did they have _____  news for you?

9.   I'm hungry - I'll have _____  sandwiches.

10. There aren't _____ apples left.

Practice #2 Fill in the correct word.

1. Phil is watching __________  on TV.

2.   Can you see Simon __________  ?

3.   My little sister doesn't eat __________  with carrots.

4.   My grandfather is who doesn't go __________  near a computer.

5.   The accident happened __________  near our school.

6.   Does __________  speak Japanese?

7. ______________  will wait for you at the station.

8.   Your cup is __________.

9. _________________  in the kitchen.

10. ___________  Your room is still a mess. Have you cleaned up yet?